GPSC Class 1 & 2 Prelims Model Paper (General Studies) with Solutions

આ નોટ્સનો ગુજરાતી અનુવાદ હજી ઉપલબ્ધ નથી, અંગ્રેજી સંસ્કરણ બતાવ્યું છે.

📜 GPSC Class 1 & 2 Prelims — Solved Model Paper & Detailed Analysis

Model questions written by GoMock in the style of the GPSC Gujarat Administrative Service Class 1 and Gujarat Civil Service Class 2 preliminary exams. They are not copied from a past paper.

📊 Exam Architecture & Historical Cut-off Trends

Paper-1: 200 Questions · 200 Marks · 180 Minutes (History, Heritage, Polity, Mental Ability).
Paper-2: 200 Questions · 200 Marks · 180 Minutes (Economy, Geography, Science & Tech, Current Affairs).
Cut-off marks: these change every year; check the result notice on gpsc.gujarat.gov.in.

📝 Solved Model Questions with Explanations

Question 1 • Indian History & Architecture

EN: Which of the following Harappan sites in Gujarat has revealed evidence of a double burial (male and female buried together in a single grave)?
GU: ગુજરાતમાં આવેલા નીચેના પૈકી કયા હડપ્પીય પુરાતત્વીય સ્થળેથી 'યુગલ શબવાહિની' (સ્ત્રી અને પુરુષને એક જ કબરમાં સાથે દફનાવ્યા હોવાના) પુરાવા મળ્યા છે?

✅ Option (A): Lothal (લોથલ)
Option (B): Dholavira (ધોળાવીરા)
Option (C): Surkotada (સુરકોટડા)
Option (D): Rangpur (રંગપુર)

💡 In-Depth Analysis: At Lothal, excavations led by S. R. Rao revealed three instances of double burials where two individuals were buried together. In Surkotada, oval graves with potsherds were unearthed alongside horse bone fragments, while Dholavira featured stone-lined cist burials and memorial cenotaphs without skeletal remains.

Question 2 • Indian Constitution & Polity

EN: Which Article of the Constitution of India provides that the law declared by the Supreme Court shall be binding on all courts within the territory of India?
GU: ભારતના બંધારણનો કયો અનુચ્છેદ જોગવાઈ કરે છે કે સર્વોચ્ચ અદાલતે જાહેર કરેલો કાયદો ભારતના રાજ્યક્ષેત્રમાંની તમામ અદાલતો માટે બંધનકર્તા રહેશે?

Option (A): Article 137 (અનુચ્છેદ ૧૩૭)
✅ Option (B): Article 141 (અનુચ્છેદ ૧૪૧)
Option (C): Article 142 (અનુચ્છેદ ૧૪૨)
Option (D): Article 143 (અનુચ્છેદ ૧૪૩)

💡 In-Depth Analysis:

Article 141: Law declared by SC is binding on all courts (Doctrine of Precedent / Stare Decisis).
Article 137: Review of judgments or orders by the Supreme Court itself.
Article 142: Enforcement of decrees and orders of SC to do "complete justice".
Article 143: Power of the President to consult the Supreme Court (Advisory Jurisdiction).

Question 3 • Gujarat Art & Cultural Heritage

EN: The celebrated Sanskrit grammatical work 'Siddha-Hema-Shabdanushasana' was composed by Acharya Hemachandra at the request of which Solanki monarch?
GU: પ્રખ્યાત સંસ્કૃત વ્યાકરણ ગ્રંથ 'સિદ્ધહેમ શબ્દાનુશાસન' આચાર્ય હેમચંદ્રસૂરિ દ્વારા કયા સોલંકી શાસકના અનુરોધથી રચવામાં આવ્યો હતો?

Option (A): Bhimdev I (ભીમદેવ પ્રથમ)
✅ Option (B): Siddharaj Jaisinh (સિદ્ધરાજ જયસિંહ)
Option (C): Kumarapala (કુમારપાળ)
Option (D): Mulraj I (મૂળરાજ પ્રથમ)

💡 In-Depth Analysis: Following his Malwa conquest, Siddharaj Jaisinh requested Acharya Hemachandra (Kalikala Sarvajna) to compose an authoritative grammar synthesizing older traditions. Upon completion, the granth was placed atop the state elephant 'Kumud' and taken out in a royal victory procession through the streets of Patan.

Question 4 • General Mental Ability & Logic

EN: In a clock, how many times do the hands coincide (overlap at 0° angle) in a period of 24 hours?
GU: ઘડિયાળમાં ૨૪ કલાકના સમયગાળામાં બંને કાંટા (કલાક કાંટો અને મિનિટ કાંટો) કેટલી વખત એકબીજાની બરાબર ઉપર આવે છે (૦° ખૂણો બનાવે છે)?

Option (A): 24 times (૨૪ વખત)
✅ Option (B): 22 times (૨૨ વખત)
Option (C): 20 times (૨૦ વખત)
Option (D): 44 times (૪૪ વખત)

💡 In-Depth Analysis: In every 12 hours, the hands coincide only 11 times (between 11:00 and 1:00, there is only one coincidence right at 12:00). Hence, in 24 hours, they overlap 11 × 2 = 22 times. (Similarly, opposite at 180° = 22 times; at right angles 90° = 44 times).

Question 5 • Indian Polity & Emergency Provisions

EN: Under which Article of the Constitution of India can the President proclaim a Financial Emergency, and what is its maximum period of operation once approved by Parliament?
GU: ભારતના બંધારણના કયા અનુચ્છેદ હેઠળ રાષ્ટ્રપતિ 'નાણાકીય કટોકટી' (Financial Emergency) જાહેર કરી શકે છે અને સંસદની મંજૂરી મળ્યા પછી તેનો મહત્તમ અમલ સમયગાળો કેટલો હોય છે?

✅ Option (A): Article 360; Indefinite period until revoked by the President
Option (B): Article 356; Maximum period of 3 years
Option (C): Article 352; Maximum period of 1 year
Option (D): Article 360; Maximum period of 6 months

💡 In-Depth Analysis: Under Article 360, if the President is satisfied that a situation has arisen whereby the financial stability or credit of India or any part thereof is threatened, a Financial Emergency can be declared. Once approved by both Houses of Parliament within two months, it continues indefinitely until revoked by the President (no periodic parliamentary approval is required, unlike Article 352). Notably, a Financial Emergency has never been declared in India so far.

Question 6 • Gujarat History & Architecture (Solanki Era)

EN: The world-renowned Sun Temple at Modhera (મોઢેરાનું સૂર્ય મંદિર) was constructed during the reign of which Solanki monarch, and in which Shaka Samvat year was its inscription recorded?
GU: મોઢેરાનું વિશ્વપ્રસિદ્ધ સૂર્ય મંદિર કયા સોલંકી રાજાના શાસનકાળ દરમિયાન બંધાયું હતું અને તેના શિલાલેખમાં કયું શક સંવત વર્ષ નોંધાયેલું છે?

✅ Option (A): Bhimdev I (ભીમદેવ પ્રથમ); Shaka Samvat 948 (1026-27 CE)
Option (B): Siddharaj Jaisinh (સિદ્ધરાજ જયસિંહ); Shaka Samvat 1015
Option (C): Kumarapala (કુમારપાળ); Shaka Samvat 1090
Option (D): Karnadev I (કર્ણદેવ પ્રથમ); Shaka Samvat 1012

💡 In-Depth Analysis: The Sun Temple at Modhera was constructed in 1026–1027 CE (Vikram Samvat 1083 / Shaka Samvat 948) during the reign of King Bhimdev I of the Solanki (Chalukya) dynasty on the bank of the river Pushpavati. It comprises three axially aligned components: the Guda Mandapa (sanctum sanctorum), the Sabha Mandapa (grand assembly hall with 52 intricately carved pillars representing the 52 weeks of the solar year), and the Surya Kunda (stepped reservoir with 108 miniature shrines).

Question 7 • Indian Constitution (Preamble & 42nd Amendment)

EN: By which Constitutional Amendment Act were the words 'Socialist', 'Secular', and 'Integrity' added into the Preamble of the Constitution of India?
GU: કયા બંધારણીય સુધારા અધિનિયમ દ્વારા ભારતના બંધારણના આમુખ (Preamble) માં 'સમાજવાદી', 'બિનસાંપ્રદાયિક' અને 'અખંડિતતા' શબ્દો ઉમેરવામાં આવ્યા હતા?

Option (A): 44th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1978
✅ Option (B): 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976
Option (C): 40th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976
Option (D): 52nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1985

💡 In-Depth Analysis: The 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976 (enacted during the internal emergency based on the Sardar Swaran Singh Committee recommendations) amended the Preamble for the first and only time in Indian history. It added 'Socialist' and 'Secular' between Sovereign and Democratic, and changed 'unity of the Nation' to 'unity and integrity of the Nation'.

Question 8 • Modern Gujarat History & Mahagujarat Movement

EN: Who was the founder-president of the 'Mahagujarat Janata Parishad' established in September 1956 to spearhead the agitation for a separate Gujarat state?
GU: અલગ ગુજરાત રાજ્યની સ્થાપના માટે સપ્ટેમ્બર ૧૯૫૬માં રચાયેલી 'મહાગુજરાત જનતા પરિષદ' ના સ્થાપક-પ્રમુખ કોણ હતા?

Option (A): Ravishankar Maharaj (રવિશંકર મહારાજ)
✅ Option (B): Indulal Yagnik (ઇન્દુલાલ યાજ્ઞિક - ઇન્દુચાચા)
Option (C): Brahmakumar Bhatt (બ્રહ્મકુમાર ભટ્ટ)
Option (D): Dr. Jivraj Mehta (ડૉ. જીવરાજ મહેતા)

💡 In-Depth Analysis: Indulal Yagnik (affectionately revered as Induchacha) was elected as the founding President of the Mahagujarat Janata Parishad in September 1956. The Parishad led a heroic non-violent mass movement against the bilingual Bombay State, culminating on May 1, 1960, when the separate linguistic State of Gujarat was officially inaugurated by Pujya Ravishankar Maharaj at Sabarmati Ashram.

Question 9 • Indian Economy & Monetary Policy (Inflation Targeting)

EN: In India, the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) constituted under the RBI Act is statutory mandated to maintain Consumer Price Index (CPI) headline inflation within which target range?
GU: ભારતમાં RBI એક્ટ હેઠળ રચાયેલી મોનેટરી પોલિસી કમિટી (MPC) ને કન્ઝ્યુમર પ્રાઇસ ઇન્ડેક્સ (CPI) હેડલાઇન ફુગાવાને કયા વૈધાનિક લક્ષ્યાંકિત દાયરામાં જાળવવાનો આદેશ છે?

✅ Option (A): 4% with a tolerance band of +/- 2% (2% to 6%)
Option (B): 5% with a tolerance band of +/- 1% (4% to 6%)
Option (C): 3% with a tolerance band of +/- 2% (1% to 5%)
Option (D): 4% with an absolute ceiling of 5%

💡 In-Depth Analysis: Under Section 45ZA of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 (amended by the Finance Act 2016), the Central Government, in consultation with the RBI, fixed the inflation target at 4% CPI with an upper tolerance limit of 6% and lower tolerance limit of 2%. If average headline CPI remains above 6% or below 2% for three consecutive quarters, the RBI is legally required to submit a failure report to the Union Government stating the causes and remedial measures.

Question 10 • Gujarat Art, Architecture & UNESCO World Heritage

EN: In which year was the historic stepwell 'Rani ki Vav' (રાણકી વાવ) at Patan inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and in which architectural style was it constructed?
GU: પાટણ ખાતે આવેલી ઐતિહાસિક 'રાણકી વાવ' ને કયા વર્ષે યુનેસ્કો દ્વારા વર્લ્ડ હેરિટેજ સાઇટ તરીકે ઘોષિત કરવામાં આવી હતી અને તે કઈ સ્થાપત્ય શૈલીમાં નિર્મિત છે?

✅ Option (A): 2014; Maru-Gurjara style (મારુ-ગુર્જર સ્થાપત્ય શૈલી)
Option (B): 2017; Indo-Saracenic style (ઇન્ડો-સારાસેનિક શૈલી)
Option (C): 2010; Dravidian style (દ્રવિડિયન શૈલી)
Option (D): 2021; Nagara Solanki style

💡 In-Depth Analysis: Rani ki Vav was commissioned in 1063 CE by Queen Udayamati in loving memory of her husband King Bhimdev I of the Solanki dynasty. Inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in June 2014, it represents the pinnacle of the Maru-Gurjara architectural style. Built as an inverted temple honoring the sanctity of subterranean water, it descends across seven stepped storeys decorated with over 500 principal high-relief sculptures, predominantly the Dashavatara of Lord Vishnu.

Question 11 • Science & Space Technology (Chandrayaan-3)

EN: Which launch vehicle was utilized by ISRO for the historic Chandrayaan-3 mission that successfully soft-landed the Vikram lander near the Moon's South Pole on August 23, 2023?
GU: ૨૩ ઓગસ્ટ ૨૦૨૩ના રોજ ચંદ્રના દક્ષિણ ધ્રુવ નજીક વિક્રમ લેન્ડરનું ઐતિહાસિક સોફ્ટ-લેન્ડિંગ કરાવનાર ચંદ્રયાન-૩ મિશન માટે ISRO દ્વારા કયા પ્રક્ષેપણ યાન (Launch Vehicle) નો ઉપયોગ કરવામાં આવ્યો હતો?

✅ Option (A): LVM3-M4 (Launch Vehicle Mark-III)
Option (B): PSLV-C56
Option (C): GSLV-F12
Option (D): SSLV-D2

💡 In-Depth Analysis: Chandrayaan-3 was successfully launched on July 14, 2023, from the Second Launch Pad at SDSC SHAR, Sriharikota, using the LVM3-M4 rocket (formerly GSLV Mk-III, nicknamed 'Bahubali'). On August 23, 2023, the Vikram lander carrying the Pragyan rover achieved a historic soft-landing at the lunar South Pole, making India the first nation to land in the lunar polar region and declaring August 23 as National Space Day.

Question 12 • Indian Polity & Panchayati Raj (73rd Amendment)

EN: Which Article inserted by the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 provides for the mandatory constitution of a State Finance Commission to review the financial position of Panchayats?
GU: ૭૩મા બંધારણીય સુધારા અધિનિયમ, ૧૯૯૨ દ્વારા ઉમેરવામાં આવેલો કયો અનુચ્છેદ પંચાયતોની નાણાકીય સ્થિતિની સમીક્ષા માટે 'રાજ્ય નાણાં પંચ' ની રચના કરવાની વૈધાનિક જોગવાઈ કરે છે?

✅ Option (A): Article 243-I (અનુચ્છેદ ૨૪૩-I)
Option (B): Article 243-K (અનુચ્છેદ ૨૪૩-K)
Option (C): Article 243-D (અનુચ્છેદ ૨૪૩-D)
Option (D): Article 243-G (અનુચ્છેદ ૨૪૩-G)

💡 In-Depth Analysis: Article 243-I mandates the Governor of a State to constitute a State Finance Commission every five years to review the financial position of the Panchayats and recommend principles governing tax sharing between the State and local rural bodies. In contrast, Article 243-K provides for the State Election Commission, Article 243-D deals with seat reservations (including 1/3 minimum for women), and Article 243-G specifies the 29 functional items listed in the Eleventh Schedule.

Question 13 • Geography of Gujarat & Coastal Geomorphology

EN: Which of the following geographical statements regarding the coastline and maritime topography of Gujarat is CORRECT?
GU: ગુજરાતના દરિયાકિનારા અને સમુદ્રી ભૌગોલિક વિશેષતાઓ અંગે નીચેના પૈકી કયું વિધાન સાચું છે?

✅ Option (A): Gujarat has the longest coastline among all Indian states (~1,600 km), with two distinct gulfs (Kutch and Khambhat).
Option (B): The Gulf of Khambhat experiences zero tidal variations throughout the year.
Option (C): Gujarat has no coral reef formations anywhere along its maritime borders.
Option (D): The Gulf of Kutch is an estuarine freshwater basin receiving the Narmada and Tapi rivers.

💡 In-Depth Analysis: Gujarat has the longest mainland maritime coastline in India, extending ~1,600 km (~24% of the nation's total sea frontage), spanning 15 coastal districts. It is naturally endowed with two deep indentations: the Gulf of Kutch (housing India's first Marine National Park and live coral reefs) and the Gulf of Khambhat (funnel-shaped gulf noted for extraordinary tidal bores up to 10-11 meters, receiving the Narmada, Tapi, Mahi, and Sabarmati river systems).

Question 14 • Ancient History & Inscriptions (Girnar Rock Edict)

EN: The Major Rock Edict of Emperor Ashoka situated at the foothills of Mount Girnar in Junagadh is engraved in which script and language?
GU: જૂનાગઢમાં ગિરનાર તળેટી ખાતે આવેલો સમ્રાટ અશોકનો પ્રસિદ્ધ શિલાલેખ કઈ લિપિ અને ભાષામાં કંડારાયેલો છે?

✅ Option (A): Brahmi script and Prakrit language (બ્રાહ્મી લિપિ અને પ્રાકૃત ભાષા)
Option (B): Kharosthi script and Classical Sanskrit
Option (C): Devanagari script and Ardhamagadhi
Option (D): Greek script and Aramaic language

💡 In-Depth Analysis: The Junagadh Ashokan Rock Edict was discovered in 1822 by Lt. Col. James Tod and deciphered in 1837 by James Prinsep. It contains 14 royal edicts inscribed in the ancient Brahmi script and Prakrit language, preaching Dhamma, religious tolerance, and prohibition of animal sacrifice. The very same granite rock also bears later historic inscriptions of Western Kshatrapa Mahakshatrapa Rudradaman I (150 CE in pure Sanskrit, chronicling Sudarshan Lake restoration) and Gupta Emperor Skandagupta (455 CE).

Question 15 • Indian Economy & Fiscal Federalism (Finance Commission)

EN: Under Article 280 of the Constitution of India, the Finance Commission is constituted by the President. What is its prescribed structural composition?
GU: ભારતના બંધારણના અનુચ્છેદ ૨૮૦ હેઠળ રાષ્ટ્રપતિ દ્વારા નાણાં પંચની રચના કરવામાં આવે છે. આ આયોગનું બંધારણીય માળખું શું છે?

✅ Option (A): A Chairman and four other members appointed by the President
Option (B): A Chairman and three members nominated by the Prime Minister
Option (C): A Chairman and five members selected by NITI Aayog
Option (D): The Union Finance Minister and all State Finance Ministers

💡 In-Depth Analysis: Article 280(1) stipulates that the Finance Commission shall consist of a Chairman and four other members to be appointed by the President. As defined by the Finance Commission (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, 1951, the Chairman must be a person having experience in public affairs, while the four members are selected from among judges of the High Court, experts in public finance/accounts, administration, and economics. (e.g., 16th Finance Commission is chaired by Dr. Arvind Panagariya).

Question 16 • Gujarati Literature & Historical Novels

EN: Who authored the acclaimed Gujarati historical trilogy comprising 'Patan ni Prabhuta', 'Gujarat no Nath', and 'Rajadhiraj'?
GU: પાટણના સોલંકી શાસન પર આધારિત પ્રખ્યાત ઐતિહાસિક નવલકથા ત્રિપુટી 'પાટણની પ્રભુતા', 'ગુજરાતનો નાથ' અને 'રાજાધિરાજ' ના સર્જક કોણ છે?

✅ Option (A): Kanhaiyalal Maneklal Munshi (કનૈયાલાલ માણેકલાલ મુનશી)
Option (B): Govardhanram Madhavram Tripathi (ગોવર્ધનરામ ત્રિપાઠી)
Option (C): Ramanlal Vasantlal Desai (રમણલાલ વ. દેસાઈ)
Option (D): Zaverchand Kalidas Meghani (ઝવેરચંદ મેઘાણી)

💡 In-Depth Analysis: Kanhaiyalal Maneklal Munshi (K.M. Munshi, pen-name 'Ghanshyam') penned this iconic Patan historical trilogy between 1916 and 1922. The novels dramatized the reigns of Siddharaj Jaisinh and his visionary Prime Minister Munjal Mehta alongside fictional romantic champions Kak and Manjari, reigniting modern consciousness around the cultural concept of 'Gujarat ni Asmita'.

Question 17 • General Mental Ability (Alphabetical Coding)

EN: In a certain code language, if the word 'MADRAS' is coded as 'NBESBT', what will be the corresponding code for the word 'BOMBAY'?
GU: જો કોઈ નિશ્ચિત સાંકેતિક ભાષામાં 'MADRAS' શબ્દનો સંકેત 'NBESBT' થતો હોય, તો તે જ નિયમ અનુસાર 'BOMBAY' શબ્દનો સંકેત શું થશે?

✅ Option (A): CPNCBZ
Option (B): CPOCBZ
Option (C): CQOCBZ
Option (D): BPMCBY

💡 In-Depth Analysis: The letter-shifting pattern is a sequential forward alphabet displacement of +1 for every letter: M(+1)=N, A(+1)=B, D(+1)=E, R(+1)=S, A(+1)=B, S(+1)=T. Applying the exact identical +1 increment to BOMBAY yields: B(+1)=C, O(+1)=P, M(+1)=N, B(+1)=C, A(+1)=B, Y(+1)=Z. Hence, the correct code is CPNCBZ.

Question 18 • Environment & Protected Areas of Gujarat

EN: Which marine sanctuary in Gujarat holds the distinction of being declared India's first Marine National Park, and which ecologically vital islands are situated within it?
GU: ગુજરાતમાં આવેલું કયું અભયારણ્ય ભારતનું પ્રથમ 'મરીન નેશનલ પાર્ક' જાહેર થવાનું ગૌરવ ધરાવે છે અને તેની અંતર્ગત કયા જૈવ-વૈવિધ્યપૂર્ણ ટાપુઓ આવેલા છે?

✅ Option (A): Marine National Park, Gulf of Kutch (Jamnagar) — including Pirotan Island
Option (B): Nal Sarovar Bird Sanctuary — including Panwad Island
Option (C): Velavadar Blackbuck National Park — Bhavnagar
Option (D): Khijadiya Bird Sanctuary — Jamnagar

💡 In-Depth Analysis: Notified in 1982 along the southern shoreline of the Gulf of Kutch (Jamnagar and Devbhumi Dwarka districts), India's first Marine National Park encompasses 162.89 sq km of coral reefs, mangroves, mudflats, and an archipelago of 42 islands. Pirotan Island is the most famous for observing live coral polyps, sponges, sea anemones, octopus, pufferfish, and endangered dugongs during low-tide walks.

Question 19 • Indian Constitution (Judicial Writs & Article 32)

EN: Which constitutional writ, literally translating from Latin as 'We Command', is issued by the Supreme Court (Art 32) or High Courts (Art 226) to compel a public official or body to perform an obligatory public duty?
GU: કઈ બંધારણીય રિટ (Writ), જેનો લેટિન ભાષામાંથી શાબ્દિક અર્થ 'અમે આદેશ આપીએ છીએ' (We Command) થાય છે, સર્વોચ્ચ (અનુ. ૩૨) અથવા વડી અદાલત (અનુ. ૨૨૬) દ્વારા જાહેર સત્તામંડળને તેની વૈધાનિક ફરજ બજાવવા માટે જારી કરવામાં આવે છે?

✅ Option (A): Mandamus (પરમાદેશ / મેન્ડેમસ)
Option (B): Habeas Corpus (બંદી પ્રત્યક્ષીકરણ)
Option (C): Quo-Warranto (અધિકાર પૃચ્છા)
Option (D): Certiorari (ઉત્પ્રેષણ / સર્ટિઓરારી)

💡 In-Depth Analysis: The Writ of Mandamus ('We Command') is a judicial command issued to a government official, inferior court, tribunal, or public corporation to perform a mandatory statutory duty that they have failed or refused to execute. It cannot be issued against a private individual, the President of India, or a State Governor acting in their official capacity.

Question 20 • Gujarat Economy, Industrial Policy & DMIC

EN: What is the strategic development objective of the Dholera Special Investment Region (DSIR), and under which international infrastructure corridor is it being established as India's premier greenfield smart city?
GU: ધોલેરા સ્પેશિયલ ઇન્વેસ્ટમેન્ટ રીજીયન (DSIR) નો મુખ્ય વ્યૂહાત્મક ઉદ્દેશ્ય શું છે અને કયા આંતરરાષ્ટ્રીય ઇન્ફ્રાસ્ટ્રક્ચર કોરિડોર હેઠળ તેને ભારતના પ્રથમ ગ્રીનફિલ્ડ સ્માર્ટ સિટી તરીકે વિકસાવવામાં આવી રહ્યું છે?

✅ Option (A): Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC); Greenfield smart industrial city & semiconductor hub
Option (B): Western Dedicated Freight Corridor solely for agricultural produce
Option (C): Golden Quadrilateral project dedicated exclusively to thermal power plants
Option (D): Sagarmala coastal shipping network for localized fishing villages

💡 In-Depth Analysis: Dholera SIR is India's first platinum-rated greenfield smart city spanning 920 sq km (larger than Singapore) positioned as a flagship node on the Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC). It is master-planned with plug-and-play industrial infrastructure, subterranean utility ducts, an upcoming international cargo/passenger airport, dedicated expressway connectivity to Ahmedabad, and hosts India's pioneering commercial semiconductor wafer fabrication facility (Tata Electronics with Taiwan's PSMC).

Question 21 • Modern Indian History (British Revenue Settlements)

EN: The 'Ryotwari System' of agrarian revenue settlement was originally devised and implemented across the Madras and Bombay Presidencies by which British officers?
GU: બ્રિટિશ ભારતમાં જમીન મહેસૂલની 'રૈયતવારી પદ્ધતિ' (Ryotwari System) મદ્રાસ અને મુંબઈ પ્રેસિડેન્સીમાં કયા બ્રિટિશ અધિકારીઓ દ્વારા દાખલ કરવામાં આવી હતી?

✅ Option (A): Sir Thomas Munro and Captain Alexander Read
Option (B): Lord Cornwallis and Sir John Shore
Option (C): Holt Mackenzie and Robert Merttins Bird
Option (D): Lord Dalhousie and Warren Hastings

💡 In-Depth Analysis: The Ryotwari settlement was first introduced on an experimental scale by Captain Alexander Read in Baramahal in 1792 and later systematically expanded by Sir Thomas Munro when Governor of Madras (1820). Unlike Cornwallis's Permanent Zamindari system in Bengal which created aristocratic intermediaries, Ryotwari instituted direct tax assessments with the individual cultivator (ryot), who retained ownership rights provided the revenue was paid.

Question 22 • Gujarat Culture, Handicrafts & Geographical Indications

EN: Which of the following traditional handcrafted products originating in Gujarat has been officially awarded the prestigious Geographical Indication (GI) tag under the GI of Goods Act, 1999?
GU: ગુજરાતની નીચેના પૈકી કઈ પરંપરાગત હસ્તકળા અને કાપડ ઉત્પાદનને ભારત સરકારના જીઓગ્રાફિકલ ઈન્ડિકેશન (GI Tag) નો વિશિષ્ટ કાનૂની દરજ્જો પ્રાપ્ત થયેલો છે?

✅ Option (A): Patan Patola, Tangaliya Shawl, Sankheda Furniture, and Surat Zari Craft
Option (B): Patan Patola only
Option (C): Sankheda Furniture only
Option (D): Tangaliya Shawl only

💡 In-Depth Analysis: Gujarat possesses a distinguished array of GI-tagged crafts and agri-products, including: Patan Patola (double ikat silk weaving technique), Tangaliya Shawl (700-year-old Dangasia tribal weave with raised white dots called 'Daana'), Sankheda Furniture (hand-turned teakwood treated with tin leaf lacquering), Surat Zari Craft (metallic threads), Kutch Embroidery, Rogan Art of Nirona, Agates of Cambay (Khambhat), and Bhalia Wheat.

Question 23 • Science & Technology (Biomedical Breakthroughs)

EN: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2023 was awarded jointly to Katalin Kariko and Drew Weissman for which revolutionary biomedical breakthrough?
GU: વર્ષ ૨૦૨૩નો ફિઝિયોલોજી અથવા મેડિસિન વિષયનો નોબેલ પુરસ્કાર કેટાલીન કારિકો અને ડ્રુ વિસમેનને સંયુક્તપણે કઈ ક્રાંતિકારી બાયોમેડિકલ શોધ માટે આપવામાં આવ્યો હતો?

✅ Option (A): Nucleoside base modifications that enabled effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19
Option (B): CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing for sickle cell anemia therapy
Option (C): Development of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-T) cell therapy for leukemia
Option (D): Discovery of the Hepatitis C virus and direct-acting antiviral diagnostics

💡 In-Depth Analysis: Biochemist Katalin Kariko and immunologist Drew Weissman were awarded the 2023 Nobel Prize in Medicine for discovering that modifying in vitro transcribed mRNA with pseudo-uridine base modifications suppressed severe innate inflammatory reactions and exponentially boosted antigen translation. This fundamental discovery served as the bedrock for the lightning-fast clinical deployment of mRNA vaccines (Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna) during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Question 24 • Indian Constitution (Comptroller & Auditor General of India)

EN: Under Article 148 of the Constitution of India, who appoints the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India, and what is the statutory tenure of this constitutional office?
GU: ભારતના બંધારણના અનુચ્છેદ ૧૪૮ હેઠળ ભારતના નિયંત્રક અને મહાલેખા પરીક્ષક (CAG) ની નિમણૂક કોણ કરે છે અને તેમનો બંધારણીય કાર્યકાળ કેટલો હોય છે?

✅ Option (A): Appointed by the President of India; Tenure of 6 years or up to 65 years of age (whichever is earlier)
Option (B): Appointed by the Prime Minister; Fixed tenure of 5 years
Option (C): Elected by Parliament; Tenure of 6 years or up to 62 years of age
Option (D): Nominated by the Chief Justice of India; Fixed tenure of 4 years

💡 In-Depth Analysis: Article 148 mandates that the CAG of India shall be appointed by the President by warrant under his hand and seal. The CAG holds office for a term of 6 years or until attaining 65 years of age, whichever comes earlier. To ensure institutional independence, the CAG can only be removed from office on proven misbehavior or incapacity through an address passed by both Houses of Parliament with a special majority (same manner and grounds as a Judge of the Supreme Court).

Question 25 • Quantitative Aptitude & Speed Calculation (Profit & Loss)

EN: A merchant marks an article 40% above its cost price and subsequently offers a discount of 25% on the marked price. What is the net percentage of profit or loss realized on the transaction?
GU: એક વેપારી કોઈ વસ્તુ પર તેની મૂળ કિંમત (Cost Price) કરતાં ૪૦% વધુ છાપેલી કિંમત (Marked Price) અંકિત કરે છે અને ત્યારબાદ છાપેલી કિંમત પર ૨૫% ડિસ્કાઉન્ટ આપે છે. તો આ વ્યવહારમાં વેપારીને કેટલા ટકા ચોખ્ખો નફો કે નુકસાન થશે?

✅ Option (A): 5% Profit (૫% નફો)
Option (B): 10% Profit (૧૦% નફો)
Option (C): 5% Loss (૫% નુકસાન)
Option (D): No Profit, No Loss (નફો નહીં, નુકસાન નહીં)

💡 In-Depth Analysis: Let the Cost Price (CP) = 100.
Marked Price (MP) = 100 + 40% = 140.
Discount = 25% of 140 = (1/4) × 140 = 35.
Selling Price (SP) = Marked Price - Discount = 140 - 35 = 105.
Profit = SP - CP = 105 - 100 = 5.
Net Percentage Profit = (Profit / CP) × 100 = (5 / 100) × 100 = 5% Profit.

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